投稿时间：2022-03-28
修订日期：2023-02-10
网络发布日期：2023-11-01
中文摘要:文章报道了一种在川滇黔相邻区新发现的古陆相沉积型稀土矿床。稀土矿体赋存在二叠系峨眉山玄武岩之上，上二叠统宣威组底部，含矿建造为一套以高岭石及伊利石为主的黏土岩建造，分布广泛，连续性好，稀土氧化物TREO平均品位0.39%，最高可达1.60%。岩相古地理条件及地球化学特征显示，稀土元素源自西侧剥蚀区，经搬运-沉积-改造后富集；赋存状态方面，古陆相沉积型稀土除独立矿物态（<1%），类质同象态（<1%）和离子吸附态（0.02%~24%）外，75%以上的稀土元素以纳米矿物颗粒的形态被“束缚”在黏土矿物层状结构中；稀土元素配分曲线图显示其高价值关键稀土元素镨、钕、铽、镝占比累计达23.34%；通过短流程的选冶一体化工艺技术，全元素稀土浸出率达到90%以上，综合回收率达80%以上。这一新类型稀土资源具有极大的开发利用前景，有望成为中国新的关键稀土元素来源。
Abstract:The paper reports a newly discovered paleocontinental sedimentary type rare earth elements(REE) deposits in the adjacent areas of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. REE ore bodies occur in the claystone at the bottom of the Permian Xuanwei Formation, which on the top of Emeishan Basalt. The ore-bearing clay rock is mainly composed of kaolinite and illite, which is widely distributed and has good continuity. The average grade of total rare earth oxide(TREO) is 0.39%, and the highest is 1.60%. The lithofacies, paleogeographic environment and geochemical characteristics show that the rare earth elements originated from the western denudation area of Emeishan large igneous provinces(ELIP) and were enriched after transport, deposition and transformation. In addition to the independent minerals(<1%), isomorphism(<1%) and ion adsorption(0.02%~24%), there is also a fourth occurrence, that is, the nano-minerals(>75%). The rare earth elements are bound in the layer structure of clay minerals in the form of nano-mineral particles. Critical rare earth elements(CREE) of praseodymium(Pr), neodymium (Nd), terbium(Tb) and dysprosium(Dy) accounted for 23.34%. The leaching rate of rare earth elements is more than 90% and the comprehensive recovery rate is more than 80% through the short-flow integrated process technology of separation and smelting. This new type of REE resources has great prospects for development and utilization, and is expected to become a new source of CREE in China.
keywords:Xuanwei Formation sedimentary REE deposit REE-bearing nano-particles clayey rocks Paleo-terrestrial environment the adjacent area of Sichuan Yunnan and Guizhou
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基金项目:本文得到中国地质调查局公益性地质调查项目，《金、镍、锂等重点勘查区综合利用调查评价》（编号：DD20230354）和贵州省科技厅重大科技工程项目《贵州稀土资源成矿规律与找矿预测研究》（编号：黔科合战略找矿[2022]ZD004）联合资助
引用文本：
龚大兴,田恩源,肖斌,惠博,赖杨,徐璐,王晓慧,徐莺,秦建华,黄庆,何良伦,覃英,张嘉玮.2023.川滇黔相邻区古陆相沉积型稀土的发现及意义[J].矿床地质,42(5):1025~1033GONG DaXing,TIAN EnYuan,XIAO Bin,HUI Bo,LAI Yang,XU Lu,WANG XiaoHui,XU Ying,QIN JianHua,HUANG Qing,HE LiangLun,QIN Ying,ZHANG JiaWei.2023.Significance and discovery of sedimentary REE deposits in adjacent areas of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou[J].Mineral Deposits42(5):1025~1033
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