投稿时间：2013-07-09
修订日期：2013-11-08
网络发布日期：2014-06-28
中文摘要:中国钼矿资源丰富,近十几年来,钼矿找矿工作取得了重大的突破。文章以中国目前发现的104个中型以上的钼多金属矿床为基础,基于前人的研究成果,从矿床类型、成矿岩体特征、成矿作用等方面,对中国钼多金属矿床进行了较全面的总结,并从成矿谱系角度分析了矿床之间的内在联系。中国钼多金属矿床可分为6种组合类型：独立钼矿、Mo-Au组合、Mo-Cu（Au）组合、Mo-Pb-Zn组合、Mo-W组合、Mo-Fe组合。通过含矿岩系的岩体特征、岩石学特征、岩石地球化学和同位素特征的对比分析,将中国钼多金属矿床的成矿岩体分为3种类型：① 壳源（下地壳为主）高氧化、低演化岩浆；② 壳源（上地壳为主）低氧化、高演化岩浆；③ 壳幔混源岩浆。不同矿床组合的矿体空间组合样式主要表现为：Mo-Cu（Au）、Mo-Pb-Zn和Mo-Fe组合以倾向渐变式为主,Mo-Au矿床以走向渐变式为主。矿化分带表现为：岩体中以Mo、Cu、W矿化为主,接触带以Fe、Pb-Zn、Cu（Au）矿化为主,围岩中以Pb-Zn、Au矿化为主。在成矿阶段特征上,中国钼多金属矿床可分为矽卡岩化阶段（以Fe、W、Mo矿化为主）、云英岩化阶段（以W、Mo矿化为主）、高中温热液阶段（以Mo、W、Cu矿化为主）和中低温热液阶段（以Cu、Au、Pb-Zn、Ag矿化为主）。Mo-W、Mo-Au组合的成矿岩体以壳源为主,独立钼矿、Mo-Cu（Au）、Mo-Fe组合以壳幔混源为主。钼多金属矿床的金属沉淀机制主要体现在：① 反应机制（地球化学障）,包括矽卡岩矿床中的硅-钙界面、由热液引起的围岩蚀变以及由构造作用引起的构造地球化学障等；② 减压降温机制；③ 流体混合机制。总体上,上述6类钼多金属矿床组合可分为2个成矿谱系：Mo-W-Pb-Zn成矿谱系,与成矿有关的岩浆岩具有壳源特征,岩浆分异程度较高；Mo-Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn-（Au）成矿谱系,其成矿岩浆岩多具有壳幔混源特征。
Abstract:China is rich in molybdenum resources and hosts several world-class molybdenum belts. In the last decade, many large/giant Mo deposits were discovered in China. Based on the study of 104 Mo deposits in China, this paper summarizes the mineralization types, metallogenic intrusions and metallogenesis of Mo-polymetallic deposits, and analyzes the intrinsic link between these deposits. The Mo deposits in China can be divided into six association types: Mo only, Mo-Au, Mo-Cu(Au), Mo-Pb-Zn, Mo-W and Mo-Fe. According to the geology, petrology, geochemistry and isotopic characteristics of the related intrusions, the metallogenic intrusions can be divided into three types, i.e., ① crust-derived magma (mainly lower crust) with high oxidation and low differentiation; ② crust-derived magma (mainly upper crust) with low oxidation and high differentiation; and ③ crust-mantle mixed magma. Different spatial association styles of orebodies have been recognized, i.e., Mo-Cu(Au), Mo-Pb-Zn and Mo-Fe deposits characterized by gradational contact, with Mo-Au deposit represented by abrupt contact. From intrusion through contact zone to host rocks, the mineralization is demonstrated by Mo-Cu-W, Fe-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au and Pb-Zn, Au, respectively. The ore-forming stages of Mo-polymetallic deposits include skarn (Fe-W-Mo mineralization), greisenization (W-Mo mineralization), high-middle-temperature hydrothermal (Mo-W-Cu), and middle-low-temperature hydrothermal (Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag) stages. The ore-forming materials of Mo-W and Mo-Au deposits were derived from the crust, and the Mo only, Mo-Cu(Au) and Mo-Fe deposits were mainly from the mixing of the crust-mantle. The metal precipitation mechanisms of Mo-polymetallic deposits include ① water-rock reaction (geochemical barrier); ② reduction of pressure and decrease of temperature; ③ fluid mixing. In sum, the above-mentioned six types of Mo-polymetallic deposits can be grouped into two metallogenic lineages: ① the Mo-W-Pb-Zn metallogenic lineage characterized by crust-sourced and high differentiated magma; ② Mo-Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn-(Au) metallogenic lineage characterized by crust-mantle mixing sourced magma.
keywords:geology molybdenum-polymetallic deposit metallogenic elements association metallogenic intrusion ore-forming lineage metallogenic mechanism China
文章编号：
中图分类号：P618.65
文献标志码：
基金项目:本文得到老矿山深部和外围找矿项目（121200113086300）、全国危机矿山找矿专项（200699105）和国家重点基础研究发展计划（2014CB440803）联合资助
引用文本：
王京彬,邹滔,王玉往,龙灵利,张会琼,廖震,解洪晶.2014.中国钼多金属矿床的组合类型、成矿作用和成矿谱系[J].矿床地质,33(3):447~470WANG JingBin,ZOU Tao,WANG YuWang,LONG LingLi,ZHANG HuiQiong,LIAO Zhen,XIE HongJing.2014.Deposit associations, metallogenesis and metallogenic lineage of molybdenum-polymetallic deposits in China[J].Mineral Deposits33(3):447~470
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